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Dog Training - Basics |
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There are positive reinforcers and negative reinforces. There are rewards and punishers. Reinforcers Reinforcement of behavior has worked for training dogs and well as other animals as well as people. Reinforcement means you have a reinforcer to go along with the positive act. For humans a delayed reinforcer works well. Work and get paid on Friday. Dogs don't have that kind of attention span and should be rewarded immediately by a positive reinforcer such as food, petting or praise. Often we do it unconsciously. We call a dog, it come and we pet it. There are negative reinforces as well. A slap, a frown, withholding stroking, an annoying sound ... NO!. All reinforcers work and the general consensus now is that negative reinforcement doesn't work as well as positive reinforcement. A positive reinforcer could be Good Boy/Girl!, a whistle, a clicker ... and then the reward. The reward (a pat on the head, a treat) should follow immediately. In time some kind of light bulb will go off in your pet's head making him think, hey I made him say "Good Boy!" What ever you use as a reinforcer, be careful that it issued with purpose and meaning. It should not be used carelessly otherwise it looses strength and importance. When someone asks the pet to do something and the pet perceives that person to have it's best interests in mind, the pet is strongly motivated to fulfill the request. Reward and Punishers Rewards are the result of reinforcers such as food. Punishers are bits in a horses mouth, chokers on a dog, a policeman handing you a ticket. To be effective with dogs, say NO! before you pull the collar or choker. The No! is the reinforcer. If you yank the collar (punisher) without a reinforcer, behavior is not altered. The Learning Stage In the beginning while your pet is in the learning stage, constant reinforcement is necessary. Once the behavior is learned you only need to reinforce the behavior on an occasional random basis.
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